Emitter for dissociating gas molecules using non-linear quantum dissonance

ABSTRACT

This disclosure relates generally to an emitter for dissociating exhaust gases on a molecular level into their respective elemental constituents. The emitter includes a palladium plated anode and a cathode, at least a portion of which is palladium plated. When properly powered, the emitters create a non-linear quantum dissonance field to dissociate molecules in exhaust.

PRIORITY CLAIM

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 62/419,323 filed on Nov. 8, 2016, which is herein incorporated byreference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

This disclosure relates generally to an emitter device for dissociatinggas molecules in a non-linear quantum environment. More specifically,the emitter device may be specifically positioned within an emittermanifold to create a fragmentation field for gaseous molecules. As aflow of gaseous molecules is passed through the fragmentation field, thegaseous molecules are dissociated into their constituent elementalcomponents.

2. Description of the Related Art

Since the Industrial Revolution, and the advent of the use of chemicalbased fuels, man has been emitting substantial combustion gases into theEarth's atmosphere. More recently, concern has grown over the effects ofthese emissions on the people and the biosphere of the Earth. Manycountries, including the United States, have imposed limits on thequantity of emissions of combustion gases that may be emitted by certainvehicles, factories, power plants, and a host of other emissions sourcesor required certain exhaust remediation equipment be installed in thoseemissions sources.

One example of a legally mandated exhaust remediation device is acatalytic converter which is now required equipment for all new cars,light trucks, heavy trucks, and other vehicles. Catalytic converters usea redox reaction (an oxidation and reduction reaction) to chemicallychange certain toxic gases into less toxic gases. Further, somecatalytic converters may recycle emitted but unburned hydrocarbons backto an engine to be burned, to increase fuel efficiency and reduceemissions. Catalytic converters are intended to reduce emissions ofcarbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) that are emitted as theresult of combustion.

One weakness of catalytic converters is that they are not fullyefficient. While catalytic converters are better than nothing atremediating emissions, catalytic converters still allow some undesirableand harmful gases to be emitted from vehicles. Catalytic converters alsowear out over time and become less efficient at conducting redoxreactions in the catalytic converter. Such decreased efficiency cantrigger other vehicular systems to notify a vehicle owner that theemissions system of the vehicle is compromised and require expensiverepair.

Other techniques used to prevent undesirable or harmful gases from beingemitted into the Earth's atmosphere have been developed as well. Forexample, various filters have been implemented to filter undesirable orharmful gases from exhaust streams. Other times, exhaust fromsmokestacks, for example, is burned at the top of the smokestack to burnoff volatile compounds left in exhaust (which itself producesundesirable and harmful emissions, albeit less undesirable and lessharmful emissions than emitting the original volatile compounds left inthe exhaust). Such techniques are common in the oil and gas industry aswell as coal fired power plants.

None of these techniques are as effective as is desirable. Filters wearout and require constant maintenance. Filters also resist exhaust flowand can lead to limitations on how much fuel can be burned, which in thecase of a coal fired power plant, for example, limits an amount of poweravailable to the population. Further, as noted above, occasionally asolution to an emissions problem frequently results in undesirable andharmful gases being emitted into the atmosphere, albeit less undesirableand less harmful than if no solution was implemented.

While no system is perfectly efficient, it is desirable to remediateemissions in an efficient and cost effective manner. It is therefore oneobject of this disclosure to provide an emitter that generates a plasmafield in a non-linear quantum dissonance environment that dissociatesmolecules in emitted gases into their various elemental components. Itis another object of this disclosure to provide an emitter manifold thatpositions the emitters in a configuration that maximizes the efficiencyof the molecular dissociation within the emitter manifold. Finally, itis an object of this disclosure to implement the emitter manifold invarious emissions systems to remediate exhaust.

SUMMARY

Disclosed herein is an emitter. The emitter includes an anode which maybe plated with, for example, palladium. The emitter further includes acathode, at least a portion of which is, for example, palladium plated.

Also disclosed herein is device which includes one or more emitters.Each of the emitters include a palladium plated anode, for example, anda cathode, at least a portion of which is, for example, palladiumplated. The one or more emitters may be disposed in an emitter manifoldto create a non-linear quantum dissonance field within the emittermanifold.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of an emitter fordissociating gas molecules using non-linear quantum dissonance.

FIG. 1 illustrates a side view of an emitter.

FIG. 2 illustrates a lengthwise cross sectional view of the emitter.

FIG. 3 illustrates a top-down view of the emitter.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exploded side perspective view of the componentsof the emitter.

FIG. 5 illustrates an emitter manifold.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary exhaust system implementing the emittermanifold.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In the following description, for purposes of explanation and notlimitation, specific techniques and embodiments are set forth, such asparticular techniques and configurations, in order to provide a thoroughunderstanding of the subject matter disclosed herein. While thetechniques and embodiments will primarily be described in context withthe accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will furtherappreciate the techniques and embodiments may also be practiced in othersimilar apparatuses.

Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments,examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Whereverpossible, the same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings torefer to the same or like parts. It is further noted that elementsdisclosed with respect to particular embodiments are not restricted toonly those embodiments in which they are described. For example, anelement described in reference to one embodiment or figure, may bealternatively included in another embodiment or figure regardless ofwhether or not those elements are shown or described in anotherembodiment or figure. In other words, elements in the figures may beinterchangeable between various embodiments disclosed herein, whethershown or not.

FIG. 1 illustrates an emitter 100. Emitter 100 includes an emitter body105 which is threaded with helical threads disposed on an outside ofemitter body 105. Emitter body 105 may be fashioned from metal materialsthat are electrically conductive. For example, emitter body 105 may befashioned from copper, steel, aluminum, gold, or any other conductivemetal, metal alloy, ceramic, or polymer, etc. Emitter 100 includes ananode 115 which is implemented in a hemispherical shape. Otherimplementations of anode 115 are possible. For example, anode 115 may beimplemented in other shapes, circular, spherical, spheroidal,rectangular, or any other polygonal shape. Preferably, anode 115 isimplemented as generally hemispherical but need not be perfectlyhemispherical. That is to say, anode 115 may be arcuate in threedimensions, having a radius of a spheroid, as opposed to the radius of aperfect sphere. A relative curvature of a hemisphere of anode 115 mayvary according to a specific implementation of emitter 100.

Emitter 115 may be disposed within an insulator 120 by attachment to aconductor rod 125 a, which extends through emitter body 105 to anode115. Insulator 120 may be fashioned from any material that resists aflow of electricity. For example, insulator 120 may be fashioned usingmaterials such as rubber, ceramic, plastic, or other insulativematerials. Conductor rod 125 a may be fashioned using any electricallyconductive material. For example, conductor rod 125 a may be fashionedusing various metals such as gold, copper, steel, aluminum, silver, andother highly conductive metals, metal alloys, ceramics, or polymers,etc. Conductor rod 125 a may include a conductor rod connector 125 b,which may be connected to a power supply which energizes conductor rod125 a and supplies electricity to anode 115, which is also electricallyconnected to conductor rod 125 a.

Emitter body 105 may further be connected to cathode 130. Cathode 130may include a connector 135 which may be connected to a power supply toprovide an electrical path for electricity generated by the powersupply. Anode 115 and cathode 130 may be electrically isolated from eachother by insulator 120. As anode 115 is powered via electricity providedto conductor rod 125 a, and cathode 135 provides a return path forelectricity generated by the power supply, a plasma field may begenerated between anode 115 and emitter body 105 (which is electricallyconnected to cathode 115). This plasma field may be adjusted by thecharacteristics of the electricity provided by the power supply to theemitter, as will be discussed below. Emitter 100 may be used singly orin conjunction with a plurality of other emitters, as will be discussedbelow, and may include a wrenching surface 140 which provides a surfacefor emitter 100 to be inserted into an emitter manifold, which will bediscussed in more detail below. Wrenching surface 140 may be octagonallyshaped, hexagonally shaped, square shaped, or shaped using any polygonalshape which provides a surface for a tool to thread emitter 100, viathreads 110, into an emitter body.

FIG. 2 illustrates a lengthwise cross sectional view of emitter 200,which is similar in implementation and description to emitter 100, shownin FIG. 1. Emitter 200 includes an emitter body 205. Emitter body 205may be threaded with threads 210, as explained above. Emitter 200further includes a void 215 which is defined by an internal wall 220 ofemitter body 205. At least some portion of anode 225 may be disposedwithin void 215, without directly contacting internal wall 220 ofemitter body 205.

Anode 225 may be connected to conductor rod 235 at connection point 230.In one embodiment, anode 225 may be connected to conductor rod 235 atconnection point 230 by a solder connection, which may use, for example,silver solder to facilitate conduction of electricity between conductorrod 235 and anode 225. Anode 225 may be separated from emitter body 205by gap 260, which will be discussed in further detail below. Conductorrod 240 may be disposed through a void in insulator 240 and connect to apower supply at connection point 245 a which receives a screw connector245 b. Emitter 200 further includes a cathode 250 a which iselectrically connected to emitter body 205. Cathode 250 a may alsoreceive a screw connector 250 b as a connection point for the powersupply. It should be noted that a screw connector 245 b and 250 b areshown in FIG. 2 merely for representative purposes. Any electricalconnector or connection suitable for energizing conductor rod 240 andemitter body 205 by cathode 250 a known in the art would be sufficient.

Emitter body 205 may also include a wrenching surface 255, which issimilar to wrenching surface 140, shown in FIG. 1. Wrenching surface 255may be octagonally shaped, hexagonally shaped, square shaped, or shapedusing any polygonal shape which provides a surface for a tool to threademitter 200, via threads 210, into an emitter body.

FIG. 3 illustrates a top-down view of emitter 300, which is similar indescription and implementation to emitter 100, shown in FIG. 1 andemitter 200, shown in FIG. 2. Emitter 300 includes an emitter body 305which is similar in implementation and description to emitter body 105,shown in FIG. 1, and emitter body 205, shown in FIG. 2. Emitter body 305may be threaded with threads 310, as explained above.

As shown in FIG. 3, emitter 300 includes an anode 315 which is separatedfrom emitter body 305 by an annular gap 320. In one embodiment ahemispherical portion of anode 315 and the portion of emitter body 305across annular gap 320 from anode 315 may be plated with a metal, metalalloy, ceramic, or polymer, etc. In one embodiment, a portion of emitterbody 305 and anode 315 may be plated with palladium, rhodium, platinum,or other metal, metal alloy, polymer, or ceramic material. When properlyenergized by a power supply, emitter 300 generates a plasma fieldbetween anode 315 and emitter body 305 in annular gap 320.

Emitter 300 further includes a plurality of mounting holes 325 a-325 hwhich are positioned at each vertex of a wrenching surface 330.Wrenching surface 330 is similar to wrenching surface 140, shown in FIG.1 and wrenching surface 255, shown in FIG. 2. Wrenching surface 330 isshown as being hexagonal but may be implemented in any polygonal shapethat facilitates attachment by a tool, such as a wrench to threademitter 300 into or out of an emitter body, which will be discussedbelow, via threads 310.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exploded side perspective view of the componentsof the emitter 400. Emitter 400 is similar in implementation anddescription to emitter 100, shown in FIG. 1, emitter 200, shown in FIG.2, and emitter 300, shown in FIG. 3. Emitter 400 includes an emitterbody 405 which is threaded with threads 410, as previously discussed.Emitter body includes an integrally formed cathode 440 a, which alsoincludes a screw connector 440 b for attaching cathode 440 a to a powersupply.

Emitter 400 includes an anode 415 which is generally hemispherical inshape, as previously discussed. Anode 415 is connected to conductor rod420, which may be soldered to anode 415 at connection point 425. In apreferable embodiment, connection point 425 is formed using silversolder between anode 415 and conductor rod 420. Conductor rod 420 mayfurther include a connector 430 which allows anode 415 to be connectedto a power supply.

Emitter 400 may be constructed by attaching insulator 435 into acorresponding recess within emitter body 405. Insulator 435 may besimilar in implementation and description to insulator 120, shown inFIG. 1 and insulator 240, shown in FIG. 2. Once insulator 435 isinstalled within emitter body 405, conductor rod 420 may be insertedthrough emitter body 405 into a corresponding void in insulator 435 suchthat at least connector 430 of conductor rod 420 protrudes pastinsulator 435. Conductor rod 420 is appropriately sized such that atleast some portion of the hemispherical emitter 415 protrudes, in apreferred embodiment, at least slightly above emitter body 405.Conductor rod 420 may be permanently or removably secured withininsulator 435 using techniques known in the art.

Element 450 and element 455 illustrate portions of anode 415 and emitterbody 405 which may be plated with a metal or metal alloy, such aspalladium. In one embodiment, an outside, convex, surface of anode 415may be plated with a metal or metal alloy, such as palladium, rhodium,platinum, conductive polymers, and conductive ceramics. In anotherembodiment, both an inside and outside surface of emitter body 405 maybe plated with a metal or metal alloy, such as palladium, rhodium,platinum, conductive polymers, and conductive ceramics. Accordingly, aportion of emitter body 405 may be plated with the exemplary conductivematerials discussed herein, such as palladium while a remaining portionof emitter body 405 is unplated. However, it is conceivable that theentirety of emitter body 405 may be plated, according to certainembodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates an emitter manifold 500. Emitter manifold 500includes a manifold body 505, which may be formed using plastic or metalmaterials. As shown in FIG. 5, manifold body 505 may be constructed in ahexagonal shape although other shapes may be implemented as desired,subject to proper alignment of emitters 510 a-510 c, as will bediscussed below. For example, manifold body 505 may be implemented in acircular shape or any other polygonal shape, as may be suitable for aparticular implementation. Manifold body 505 may include one or moreports 520 a-520 f for connecting manifold body 505 to an exhaust system.

Manifold body 505 may further include one or more emitters, such asemitter 510 a, emitter 510 b, and emitter 510 c. In one embodiment,three emitters are included within manifold body 505. Preferably, eachemitter is spaced from the other emitters at substantially 120° (withinapproximately 5°). Further, each emitter may be “tuned” to produce anon-linear quantum dissonance chamber 515 within manifold body 505. Forexample, each emitter may be connected singly to an individual powersource or may be commonly connected to one power source, or a pluralityof power sources.

Each emitter may be supplied with a particular voltage of electricity, aparticular amperage of electricity, at a particular frequency, at aparticular phasing, at a particular amplitude, and for a particularduration, which is unique to each individual emitter. For example, eachemitter may be supplied with 13.5 volts of direct current electricity atbetween 60-120 amps and output 150,000 volts of direct currentelectricity at 5.5 milliamps. One emitter may output a plasma field at1.3 megahertz while a second output frequency for a second emitter maybe a perfect 5^(th) harmonic above the primary frequency and while athird output frequency for a third emitter may be a perfect minor 2^(nd)below the primary frequency. Other variables such as phasing andduration may be adjusted to suit a particular implementation.

When each emitter is properly powered, a non-linear quantum dissonancecondition is created within non-linear quantum dissonance chamber 515which allows molecules within non-linear quantum dissonance chamber 515to be dissociated into their constituent elements. For example, amolecule of carbon dioxide may be dissociated into an atom of carbon andtwo atoms of oxygen. Similarly, a molecule of nitrogen oxide may bedissociated into an atom of nitrogen and an atom of oxygen. Tests haveshown emitter manifold 500 is capable of dissociating any gaseousmolecule.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary exhaust system 600 implementing anemitter manifold 610, which is similar to emitter manifold 500, shown inFIG. 5. Exhaust system 600 includes an exhaust source 605 which isemitted directly into emitter manifold 610. Exhaust source 605, as shownin this example, is from an internal combustion engine in a vehicle,such as a light truck or car. However, the use of emitter manifold 610is not limited in application to vehicles. Emitter manifold 610 may beused in any exhaust environment (which includes unburned exhaustsgenerated by pressure built up by volatile and non-volatile organic orinorganic compounds, such as might exist within various storage tanks).

Emitter manifold 610 may include emitters 615 a, 615 b, and 615 c whichare implemented as shown and described with respect to FIG. 5, above.Emitter manifold 610 may be connected to a muffler 620, an exhaust pipe625 a and a tail pipe 625 b. Emitter 615 a may receive power via wire630 a from power supply 635. Similarly, emitter 615 b may receive powervia wire 630 b from power supply 635. Emitter 615 c may also receivepower via wire 630 c from power supply 635. As shown in FIG. 6, powersupply 635 is represented as a single power supply, providing power toeach emitter. However, it is again noted that multiple power suppliesmay be implemented and each emitter may be powered by a power supplydedicated singly to that emitter.

Exhaust system 600 allows exhaust to flow into emitter manifold 610which efficiently dissociates molecules in the exhaust flow, using thetechniques described herein and allows the elemental components of thegas to flow into muffler 620. Muffler 620, as is known in the art,reduces the noise generated by an engine. The elemental components ofthe exhaust may then flow from muffler 620 into exhaust pipe 625 a andout tail pipe 625 b. It is believed that the elemental components, whenexhausted, will have a drastically less undesirable and harmful effecton the Earth's atmosphere.

The foregoing description is presented for purposes of illustration. Itis not exhaustive and does not limit the invention to the precise formsor embodiments disclosed. Modifications and adaptations are apparent tothose skilled in the art from consideration of the specification andpractice of the disclosed embodiments. For example, components describedherein may be removed and other components added without departing fromthe scope or spirit of the embodiments disclosed herein or the appendedclaims.

Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art fromconsideration of the specification and practice of the disclosuredisclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples beconsidered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of theinvention being indicated by the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An emitter, comprising: a palladium plated anode,including an electrode which is arcuate in three dimensions and aconductor rod connected to the electrode; and a cathode, at least aportion of which is palladium plated, wherein the anode is disposedwithin a void of the cathode.
 2. The emitter of claim 1, wherein theanode is insulated from the cathode by an insulator.
 3. The emitter ofclaim 1, wherein the anode protrudes through the insulator.
 4. Theemitter of claim 1, wherein the conductor rod is connected to theelectrode by silver solder.
 5. The emitter of claim 1, wherein anannular gap separates the palladium plated anode from the portion of thecathode which is palladium plated.
 6. The emitter of claim 1, whereinthe cathode is an emitter body.
 7. The emitter of claim 6, wherein acathode connector is integrally formed in the emitter body.
 8. Theemitter of claim 6, wherein the emitter body includes a wrenchingsurface.
 9. The emitter of claim 6, wherein the emitter body isthreaded.
 10. A device, comprising: one or more emitters, eachcomprising: a palladium plated anode; and a cathode, at least a portionof which is palladium plated wherein the one or more emitters aredisposed within an emitter manifold.
 11. The device of claim 10, whereinthe emitters are disposed around the emitter manifold at substantially120° from any other emitter.
 12. The device of claim 10, wherein theemitter manifold is hexagonally shaped.
 13. The device of claim 10,wherein the emitter manifold includes a non-linear quantum dissonancechamber.
 14. The device of claim 10, wherein, each of the one or moreemitters is threaded into the emitter manifold.
 15. The device of claim10, wherein each of the one or more emitters receives power from adedicated power supply for each of the one or more emitters.
 16. Thedevice of claim 10, wherein the one or more emitters receive power froma power supply.
 17. The device of claim 13, wherein the non-linearquantum dissonance chamber is circularly shaped.